Venezuela Essay -- Violence, Murder, Robbery, Kidnapping

Venezuela is a dangerous country, and its capital, Caracas is an extremely dangerous city. Venezuela is a deadlier place then Iraq, with about four times the number of deaths from violence in Venezuela then in Iraq. In 2008 the homicide rate for Venezuela was 48 for every 100,000 people. In the United States the rate was 5.6 per 100,000 (Llana, 2008). A 2010 report puts the murder rate at 75 per 100,000 (Shooting gallery, 2010). Caracas has become the deadliest city in the world, with approximately 200 murders per 100,000 people (Romero, 2010; US Department of State, 2010). That is in contrast to New Orleans, the city in the United States with the highest murder rate at 52 per 100,000 people, and considered the deadliest city in the US (FBI, 2010). In an example of the dangers of just being in Caracas, on August 13th, 2010, Chinese baseball player Cheuk Woon Yee Sinne was struck by a stray bullet as she took the field for a match in Caracas (Shooting Gallery, 2010). The US Department of State, in their travel information on Venezuela, lists murder, robbery, and kidnappings as problems for travelers. Thieves will rob their victims using guns or knives and they are not afraid to use force. Thieves will even attack their victims in crowded markets with little worry. Kidnappings are also a threat in Caracas. One type of kidnapping is the â€Å"express kidnapping† that can occur at the airport. Victims are taken, usually at gunpoint, to withdraw as much money as possible from ATMs. There is also the â€Å"virtual kidnapping† where scam surveys are used to get contact and personal information on minors. The â€Å"kidnapper† then calls the parents for ransoms without the child actually being taken. A third type of kidnapping is the â€Å"i... ...country (James, 2010b). In order to help with the health care of Caracas’ poor, the Chà ¡vez government has brought doctors from Cuba to Venezuela. The Cuban doctors live with the residents of the barrios of Caracas, setting up offices in unused rooms. The Cuban doctors are not only available to deal with whatever emergencies that should arise (heart attacks, child births, gunshot wounds), but one of their primary goals is preventive medicine (sexual health, the importance of boiling water, proper meal preparation). There is opposition to the Cuban doctors, with the Venezuelan Medical Federation claiming that the Cubans do not have proper accreditation. The Federation has even won a lawsuit against the government, with a ruling that the Cuban doctors had to be replaced with Venezuelans. The government ignored the ruling, and dissolved the court (Ceaser, 2004).

My Hero

– state who your idol is ?- describe the physical features of this person? – describe the person’s character which is peculiar to him/her – give reasons why you idolise this person ? – give amusing anecdotes to make this essay interesting My mom is my role model because no matter what happens she's always forgiving. She's not just forgiving towards me because I am her daughter, but she is forgiving towards everyone as well. On almost a daily bases, there is always something that I do that makes my mom angry or annoyed.Although by the end of the day, whether or not she actually has forgiven me, she has a positive attitude towards me assuring me that she has forgiven me. For example, my mom almost always tells me to: clean my room, do something to help her, or something else more complicated then that, but most the time I will just ignore her request. This makes my mom angry that I am not following directions, but she will always just forgive me and f orget about the matter. The way that my mom is so forgiving contributes to her being my role model. y mom is an outstanding athlete, which makes her my role model but she is also very hard working. She never stops her work until it's finished right. Everyday she will come home and do school work, make dinner, and many other things. My mom always works hard on all the necessary things, and she never stops until they are completely done. For example when I do my homework, and I rush through it just to get it over with my mom always complains to me how I didn't work hard enough on it. The way my mom is so hard working and encourages me to do everything the right way makes her my role model. he's forgiving, hard working, and a great athlete, but my mom is also very encouraging and that helps me through a lot. Whenever I want to give up on something, or not do something at my full ability my mom is always encouraging me to do the absolute best that I can. An example that has recently aff ected my life is when I am running track. At the meets and practices when I am running and I just want to give up because it's painful and tiring, my mom is always there cheering me on to just keep running.My mom always encourages me for everything I do, and helps keep me going. I wish I was as encouraging as she was, cause being encouraging helps you look at the positive side of things. Everyone in the world have an idol in their life. Idol is someone that you admire so much, maybe a singer, an actor, a football player, or a model. For me, my mother has been my idol since the day I was born. She is fifty years old. She has become a good mother for her children. She really loves her children.

Engagement Is The Process Of Building A Relationship With...

Engagement Engagement is the process of building a relationship with the client. Firstly, I introduced myself and my role to the client. I told her what services my agency provides and allowed her to explain why she was seeking our assistance. I asked her what she expected from me and what she would like me to do for her throughout our time together. I used verbal and nonverbal cues to let her know I was listening to her. Another purpose of engagement includes making the client feel comfortable in my presence. After gaining some familiarity of the client, I began to assess her situation. Assessment Assessment is the determination of the variables influencing the client’s identified problems or issues. There are generally four steps to the assessment process including identifying your client, assessing the client from micro, macro, and mezzo perspectives, as well as citing information about the client and their needs, and determining the client s strengths. I become familiar with what she does in her free time, what stressors she encounters daily, and her solutions to coping with those stressors. During this process I use open ended questions to gather various information from the client. I need as much pertinent information about my client as possible so that I may use the collected data to create an efficient intervention model. An ecomap is a structural diagram of a client s most important relationships with people, groups, and organizations. Ecomaps vary in designShow MoreRelatedSocial Workers : An Important Factor Of Engagement Strategies And Rapport Building A Rappo rt1164 Words   |  5 Pagesplay an important factor of engagement strategies and rapport building (NASW, 2008, pp. 1). The main points of this paper will be geared towards coming up with a strategy to engage with Mr. Fahza which was provided through the vignette and to also establish a professional working relationship with him, building a rapport. 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Family Background Raymond Vasquez - 2079 Words

Name: Raymond Vasquez Age: 6 Grade: 1st grade Family Background: Raymond is six years old and was born to a normal family with no real prominent illnesses among them. He has a mother, Sadie, father, Joe, and sister, Luca, who all live with him in Skokie, Illinois. The Vasquez family comes from a middle class family with both mother and father holding blue collar jobs. In infancy, Raymond was described as separated, and in his own world. He never liked to be close to anyone and would frequently be overwhelmed. Anytime his mother would try to cuddle with him, he would stiffen like a board to avoid being touched. For quite some time Raymond’s mother thought she was the reason why he didn’t like to be close to anyone, little did she know at the time that her son struggled with Asperger Syndrome. Raymond began speaking in full correct sentences at the age of two, he also began to read and write at three. The first book he read was the first installment of the Harry Potter series, although he didn’t really underst and it fully then, he read it over and over until he understood. He often follows adults around unloading massive amounts of information that may not seem important to them, but it is to him. Disability Definition: 1. The disorder is named after Hans Asperger, a Viennese pediatrician who, in 1940, first described a set of behavior patterns apparent in some of his patients, mostly males. Asperger noticed that although these boys had normal intelligence andShow MoreRelatedSadie Hawkins Day and Valentine Grams18321 Words   |  74 Pagesby having this show, the students are able to show off their skills and raise selfconfidence,† says Special Education teacher Maria Casiano. That night, the Piedmont Hills’ High School Theater was packed to the brim with over 500 students, parents, family members and faculty who were anticipating the show. This year, the students had a theme of â€Å"America’s Got Talent.† Freshmen Sarah Hopkinson, Hahn Nguyen and Richard Nguyen acted as judges, while sophomore Keith Baloran entertained the crowd as a host

The Disregard Of Life During War - 1654 Words

The Disregard for Human Life during War Times The quality of life for soldiers of war has decreased and basic necessities are lost. The value of civilian lives is also lost in the disputes between two countries. An example of this is, â€Å"Something was being burned there. A truck drew close and unloaded its hold: small children. Babies! Yes, I did see this, with my own eyes†¦ children thrown into the flames† (Wiesel 33). The above quote from Night by Elie Wiesel represents the disregard of life and the horrors that can be seen in times of war. Many wonder why war changes the value of human lives. Why does war have the power to choose if your life is worth keeping? The quality of life decreases in times of war therefore showing the realities of war and the toll it takes on the soldiers and civilians involved. Conflicts such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, World War One, World War Two and the Vietnam War all share common characteristics. Throughout each of thes e wars the quality of life has decreased because of the demands and needs for soldiers and civilians. Examples of these poor conditions can be seen in journals, letters, propaganda posters, photographs, speeches, essays and songs. These examples prove that the soldiers in these wars lost many of the activities that many take for granted. It also shows how surviving life outside of the fighting is just as hard as the war itself. This further proves that war is a serious matter and should not be taken lightly.Show MoreRelatedHow the Atrocities of War Exemplify the Characteristic Moral Ambiguity of Human Nature719 Words   |  3 Pagesutter disregard for human life that many of the world’s leaders adopt in times of war, inspiring further research through the evocation of a need to more thoroughly learn about the moral ambiguity that envelops those in positions of power during wartime. 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Descrpition Essay on New York City Free Essays

Macy Climer The city that never sleeps When you think of New York City, you most likely imagine the extraordinary buildings that fly in the sky or the crowded sidewalks with hundreds of people shopping on every corner. Even with my short visit I found myself lost in the big apple. The streets are filled with the atmosphere that is like teenagers shopping with their parent’s credit card. We will write a custom essay sample on Descrpition Essay on New York City or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although by the end of the day your feet are so swollen from all the walking, you find yourself wanting to keep going in the hopes of having the best â€Å"New York experience. † It was spring break of my senior year and my dance team plus our moms were about to travel to the city that never sleeps. All of us were so anxious to explore this amazing city that most of us have only seen on TV. When arriving at the airport that early spring morning I had butterflies in my stomach, for the thought of the big city that I have always dreamed visiting. The flight was long but it was comfortable. When the captain announced that we would be landing in about 20 minutes, I was the most anxious I have ever been in my life. Twenty minutes felt like forever! Finally the seat belt sign went off and the flight attendants opened the exit doors. The airport was so crowded with every kind of person you could think of. It was a small airport, only being about 10 minutes away from the city. After we collected our luggage we went to flag down our first taxi. I have watched several movies that were based in New York City so getting a taxi was just as simple as raising your hand and waving them down. As the taxi came up from under a bridge I found myself staring at the most amazing city I have ever been to. Time Square is seen in a lot of movies, but it is way better then I imagined. As I was standing right in the middle of Time Square I was overwhelmed with everything that was going on around me. There were people covering every inch of the sidewalk, hot dog stands and people handing out flyers to shows and other activities. The cars were bumper to bumper while horns came from every direction. Even though NYC is this amazing city, it was kind of a dirty, loud, and crowded place. But behind the crowded loud streets, New York is a beautiful city. Our journey began the second we arrived. I wanted to explore every inch of the city but I knew that was impossible. I was going to try though; the hotel we stayed at was right in the middle of Time Square. It was like a dream every time I walked out our doors. The city was such a fast paced place. People fast walking past you, taxis speeding through the tiny avenues of New York, the people of NYC for sure live off coffee and red bull. The days went by so fast because we were constantly doing something at all times. Mainly sightseeing and shopping, lots and lots of shopping! As the days went by the city became easier to get around. I was a pro at flagging down a taxi, and I understood the whole subway thing. I realized that when they say that New York is the city that never sleeps they meant it. At all hours of the night I would hear car horns and loud music and people talking. I loved every bit of the city, even though it was crowded and loud and sometimes a little smelly. The shopping and all the huge skyscrapers made it worth it. Shopping wasn’t the only good thing about New York; I was able to see two Broadway shows. The shows are amazing and filled with really talented people. Triple threats that can sing, dance, and act, I saw wicked which was a show I have wanted to see since it first came out. These shows are the coolest things; New York is a place full of adventure and excitement. Our journey was ending and it was bitter sweet. I loved the city but Texas is my home and I missed it. I will for sure visit New York again sometime in my life. After exploring the city for a week I came to realize that it is a fabulous place to visit, but maybe not such a good place to live. I loved getting to experience this city with my mom and seeing all the sights that are so cool, and eating all the food that New York is known for , and even shopping at places that a lot of celebrities shop at. It would take several trips to NYC to get to discover everything there but I feel like my trip to the big apple was the real â€Å"New York experienced. † How to cite Descrpition Essay on New York City, Essays

Radiology best flash Example For Students

Radiology best flash The best way to visualize a small left sided pneumothorax is a. Right lateral b. Left lateral c. Right lateral decubitus d. Left lateral decubitus Pneumothorax is best demonstrated by taking a radiograph, with the patient in a. Inspiration b. Full inspiration c. Expiration d. Prone Minimal pleural effusion is best detected by x-ray view a. AP b. PA c. Oblique d. Lateral The best view of the chest to show minimal pleural effusion is a. PA view b. AP view c. Lateral decubitus view d. Oblique view Best view to diagnose minimal amount of fluid in pleural space a. AP view b. PA view c. Apical view d. Lateral decubitus view The chest X-ray viewbest suited for pleural effusion detection is a. AP view b. PA view c. Lateral decubitus view d. Lateral view The best view to visualize a right pleural effusion in chest X-ray is a. Right lateral b. Left lateral c. Right lateral decubitus d. Left lateral decubitus A patient presents with minimal pleural effusion on the right side. The best method to detect this would be a. Right side chest X-ray b. Left side chest X-ray c. Left lateral decubitus chest X-ray d. Right lateral decubitus chest X-ray All the following calcify except a. Medulloblastoma b. Ependymoma c. Oligodendroglioma d. Meningioma The earliest USG finding in pregnancy is a. Gestational sac b. Fetal cardiac activity c. Placenta d. Fundal thickening Half-life of 99m Tc is a. 2 hours b. 4 hours c. 6 hours d. 8 hours Which of the following is a naturally occurring radioactive substance in the body found in small quantities a. Radium 226 b. Bismuth 50 c. Iodine 131 d. Potassium 40 Residual mediastinal and retroperitoneal lymphoma is assessed by a. Bipedal lymphangiogram b. Technetium 99m pyrophosphate scans c. Restaging procedure d. Gallium scan Atomic number corresponds to a. Number of protons b. Number of electrons c. Number of neutrons d. Electrons + Protons Bilateral spider leg sign in IVP is indicative of a. Renal stones b. Hypernephroma c. Hydronephrosis d. Polycystic kidney Calcification of meniscal cartilage is a feature of a. Psedugout b. Reiters syndrome c. Hyperparathyroidism d. Acromegaly Ideal imaging method to diagnose hydrocephalus in infant is a. MRI b. USG c. CT scan d. Plain X-ray a. Open fontanelle Neurosonography of neonates is preferred over CT scan because a. Open fontanelle b. Inexpensive c. Children more cooperative d. Better resolution Excretory urography should be catiously performed in a. Leukemia b. Neuroblastoma c. Bone secondaries d. Multiple myeloma IVP is contraindicated in a. Multiple myeloma b. Kidney stones c. Transplanted kidney d. Renal cyst Most important investigation for pericardial effusion is a. Lateral view of Xray-chest b. Echocardiography c. USG d. Cardiac catheterization Best method for diagnosing pericardial effusion is a. Echocardiography b. Gallium scan c. Angiography d. USG c. Sturge weber syndrome Tram line calcification is seen in a. Ependymoma b. Thrombosed cerebral veins c. Sturge weber syndrome d. Meningioma Tram track appearance on X-ray of the hand is seen in a. Sturge-weber syndrome b. Von-hippel lindau disease c. Tuberous sclerosis d. Neurofibroma Which one of the following is the contrast used in MRI scan a. Iodine b. Gadolinium c. Rose Bengal d. Strontium Answer: All of them have egg shell calcificatoin A helpful mnemonic for major causes of eggshell calcification in the thorax and mediastinum is: A Silly Cool Sergeant Likes His Tubercular Blast Mnemonic A: amyloidosis S: Silicosis C: Coal workers pneumoconiosis (CWP) S: Sarcoidosis L: Lymphoma: (postirradiation Hodgkin disease) H: Histoplasmosis (e.g. pulmonary histoplasmosis) T: Tuberculosis B: Blastomycosis (e.g. pulmonary blastomycosis) Egg shell calcification is seen in a. Silicosis b. Sarcoidosis c. Tuberculosis d. Histoplasmosis d. Thumb print appearance Radiologic sign characteristic of ischemic colitis is a. Inverted 3 appearance b. Cobra head sign c. Craggy popcorn appearance d. Thumb print appearance c. Thumb printing Radiological feature of ischemic colitis is a. Saw tooth appearance b. Nose pipe appearance c. Thumb printing d. Cobble stone appearance c. 5.7 Half life of cobalt-60 is ___ years. a. 2-3 b. 1.2 c. 5.7 d. 3.4 c. Gamma rays Radioactive cobalt emits a. Neutrons b. Alpha rays c. Gamma rays d. Beta rays c. 270 days The half life of Co-57 is a. 2.6 years b. 5.2 years c. 270 days d. 3200 years b. CT Which of the following investigations are to be done for the diagnosis of carcinoma head of pancreas a. Pelvic X-ray abdomen b. CT c. USG d. Hypotonic duodenography c. CT scan Best diagnosis for pancreatic disease a. PTC b. ERCP c. CT scan d. USG c. CT scan Most sensitive investigation of pancreatic carcinoma is a. Angiography b. ERCP c. CT scan d. Ultrasound d. Milkmans pseudofracture Loosers zone is characteristic of a. Hyperparathyroidism b. Scurvy c. Hypoparathyroidism d. Milkmans pseudofracture d. Osteomalacia Milkmans pseudofractures These lesions are composed of poorly mineralized osteoid matrix and are not true fractures or stress fractures. It appears as a thin, translucent band, about 2 mm in width, which runs perpendicular to the surface of the bone extending from the cortex inwards. They are oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the bone, and do not cross the entire bone. It represents insufficiency fractures through unmineralized osteoid in patients with osteomalacia. Common sites include axillary margins of the scapulae, ribs, pubic rami, proximal femurs, proximal ulnae and proximal humerus. Similar changes radiographically may be seen in Pagets disease; however, they are only seen in involved bone and are not generalized. In addition, the lines in Pagets occur on the convex side of the bone(tensile aspect) while in osteomalacia they occur on the concave side (compressive aspect). The lines in Pagets represent insufficiency fractures. Read more: 1. http://www.mypacs.net/cases/OSTERMALACIA-WITH-LOOSERS-ZONES-805293.html 2. http://www.arthritisresearchuk.org/arthritis-information/conditions/osteomalacia/symptoms.aspx Pseudofracture or loosers zone is seen in a. Vitamin C deficiency b. Thyroiditis c. Osteoporosis d. Osteomalacia d. 2 D echocardiography Best investigation for cardiac tamponade is a. M mode ECG b. USG c. Real time ECG d. 2 D echocardiography c. 8 days Half life of I-131 is a. 10 days b. 4 days c. 8 days d. 4 hours c. 99m Tc DTPA Renal GRF can be estimated by a. 99m TC + 121 Gallium b. 99m Tc DMSA c. 99m Tc DTPA d. 99m Tc DMSA c. 5 rads Safe maximum dose of radiation per year in human being is a. 20 rads b. 10 rads c. 5 rads d. 1 rad Kerley B lines are seen when pulmonary venous pressure is a. 5 mm Hg b. 10 mmHg c. 22 mm Hg d. 40 mm Hg d. Bronchoalveolar carcinoma Pulmonary kerley B-lines are seen in all the following except a. Pulmonary edema b. Mitral valve disease c. Interstitial fibrosis d. Bronchoalveolar carcinoma c. Intracranial metallic aneurysm clips Contraindication for the user of NMR imaging is a. Psychotic patients b. Patients on lithium c. Intracranial metallic aneurysm clips d. Patients receiving radiotherapy c. MRI scan Radiation exposure does not occur in a. Plain X-ray b. Fluoroscopy c. MRI scan d. CT scan Which is not mutagenic a. Ultraviolet rays b. Beta rays c. X-ray d. Ultrasound Investigation of choice for subarachnoid hemorrhage is a. Angiography b. CT scan c. Enhanced MRI d. MRI Noninvasive procedure for CVA is a. EEG b. Echoencephalography c. Angiography d. CT scan d. Anencephaly Congenital malformation that can be detected earliest on USG a. Down syndrome b. Sacral agenesis c. Hydrocephalus d. Anencephaly b. Lateral view Best view for visualizing sella turcica on X-ray is a. AP view b. Lateral view c. Open mouth view d. Dorsal view c. Se-75 In pancreatic scanning, isotope most commonly used is a. I-131 b. Tc-99 c. Se-75 d. Cr-51 a. Splenic disease Technetium labelled red cells are used in a. Splenic disease b. Pulmonary embolism c. Renal disease d. Biliary tree a. Ventilation perfusion scan Gold standard for pulmonary embolism is a. Ventilation perfusion scan b. Contrast MRI c. MRI d. CT a. Ventilation perfusion scan In pulmonary embolism the investigation of choice is a. Ventilation perfusion scan b. Contrast MRI c. MRI d. CT b. Ventilation perfusion scan Pulmonary embolism is best diagnosed by a. CT scan b. Ventilation perfusion scan c. USG d. X-ray chest PA view a. G2M stage Radiosensitive stage is a. G2M stage b. G2 stage c. G1 stage d. S phase c. Hamartoma Popcorn calcification: A cluster of sharply defined, irregularly lobulated, amorphous calcifications often with rings and arcs that resemble popped corn kernels. Usually seen in a pulmonary nodule Popcorn calcifications within a well circumscribed pulmonary nodule are highly suggestive of pulmonary chondroid hamartoma. This type of calcification may be seen in many radiological settings including: a. Chondroid lesions (e.g enchondroma, chondrosarcoma) b. Fibrous dysplasia c. Pulmonary hamartomas d. Degenerating fibroadenomas of the breast They are also seen in metaphyses and epiphyses of long bones of children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Read more: 1. http://posterng.netkey.at/esr/viewing/index.php?module=viewing_poster;task=viewsection;pi=121234;ti=406237;searchkey= 2. https://online.epocrates.com/u/2921547/Evaluation+of+solitary+pulmonary+nodule/Diagnosis/Approach 3. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/popcorn-calcification Popcorn calcificatoin is seen in a. Tuberculosis b. Carcinoid c. Hamartoma d. Teratoma c. Hamartoma Popcorn calcification in lung is virtually diagnostic of a. Tuberculoma b. Carcinoid c. Hamartoma d. Teratoma c. CT scan (HRCT) Best method of detecting minimal bronchiectasis is a. Chest X-ray b. Radionuclide lung scan c. CT scan (HRCT) d. Bronchography b. Bronchography In bronchiectasis the investigation of choice is a. USG b. Bronchography c. Bronchoscopy d. X-ray c. Driven snow appearance Pindborg tumor: Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor On radiographs, it appears as a radiolucency (dark area) and is known for sometimes having small radiopacities (white areas) within it. In those instances, it is described as having a driven-snow appearance. Microscopically, there are deposits of amyloid-like material. Which of the following is seen in Pindborg tumo a. Sunray appearance b. Onion peel appearance c. Driven snow appearance d. Cherry Blossom appearance @ Punched out lucencies without surrounding osteosclerosis are the characteristic lesions seen on plain radiographs of the skull in the patient with disseminated myeloma. In primary hyperparathyroidism, extensive resorption bone in the skull in combination with cystic areas of osteopenia are termed pepper pot skull. 1. http://images.md/myeloma-multiple-myeloma/ 2. http://roentgenrayreader.blogspot.com/2012/09/pepper-pot-skull.html Multiple punched out lytic lesions in X-ray are seen in a. Eosinophilic granuloma b. Multiple myeloma c. Craniopharyngioma d. Pagets disease Dilatation of pancreatic side branches is more apparent on MRI than CT and may cause the so called string of pearls or chain of lakes appearance on MRCP. See more at: http://www.appliedradiology.com/articles/imaging-of-the-pancreas-part-1#sthash Case Analysis Insubordination Essay Unit of one dose of radiation absorbed is: a. Gray b. Roentgen c. Curie d. Becquerel In aortic dissection the investigation of choice is: a. ECG b. Aortagraphy c. CT scan d. MRI scan Estimation of fetal maturity by biparietal sonic measurement at 20-28 weeks of gestation is accurate to within +/-: a. days b. 14 days c. 10 days d. 20 days Investigation of choice for acute subarachnoid hemorrhage: a. Enhanced MRI b. MRI c. CT scan d. Angiography Diagnostic of rickets on X-ray is: a. White line of Frankel b. Epiphyseal widening c. Periosteal elevation d. Cupping and flaring A characteristic of benign tumor of lung in X-ray is: a. Size 5 cm diameter b. Peripheral location c. Cavitation d. Calcification The following is a radiolucent renal stone: a. Cystine b. Calcium phosphate c. Uric acid d. Calcium oxalate Fish mouth vertebra occurs in the: a. Osteogenesis imperfecta b. Ehler-Danlos syndrome c. Gauchers disease d. Marfans syndrome Coffee bean sign indicates: a. Toxic megacolon b. Volvulus of cecum c. Strangulation of incompletely odstructed loop of small bowel d. Mesenteric artery embolism Chickenpox pneumonia is characterized by: a. Nodular infiltrate b. Basilar infiltrate c. Pulmonary edema d. Linear pattern Candle wax appearance is seen in: a. Osteogenesis imperfecta b. Meloorheostosis c. Diaphyseal dysplasia d. Exoxtosis Primary anomaly in Klippel-Fell syndrome is: a. Torticolitis b. Fusion c. Absence d. Segmentation Loss of lamina dura is observed in: a. Cushings disease b. Legg-Calve-Perthes disease c. Hyperparathyroidism d. Osteoporesis Hamman-Rich syndrome is: a. Fibrosing alveolitis b. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis c. Recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax d. Central mediastinal adenopathy Batwing pattern of pulmonary edema is typical of: a. Renal failure b. CCF c. ILD d. Sarcoidosis Differential diagnosis of honeycomb lung includes: a. Eosinophilic granuloma b. Sarcoidosis c. Both d. None Pancoast tumor is most commonly due to which cell type: a. Squamous b. Columnar c. Adenocarcinoma d. pseudo-stratified Ulcer crater on barium X-ray examination indicates the diagnosis of : a. Gastric carcinoma b. Duodenal ulcer c. Duodenal diverticulum d. Duodenal stricture Best diagnostic modality for subphrenic abscess is: a. Plain X-ray b. Ultrasound c. CT scan d. Diagnostic laparotomy Lateral source of neutrons for radiotherapy is: a. Strontium 90 b. Iodine 131 c. Californium 252 d. Radium 226 Terminal phalangeal sclerosis is associated with: a. Rheumatoid arthritis b. Normal variation c. Sarcoidosis d. All of the above Round, smooth, slightly lobulated peripheral opacity in the lung with calcification is a feature of: a. Hamartoma b. Hydatid cyst c. Amoebic abscess d. Carcinoma lung Wimberger,s ring is seen in: a. Scurvy b. Rickets c. Osteomalacia d. Osteoporesis Brachytherapy means: a. Irradaiation by radiopharmaceuticals b. Irradiation of tissue at 3 cm from the surface c. Irradiation of tissue by placing radioactive sources into the tissue d. Irradiation of tissue from a distance Type of radiation used in radiotherapy is: a. Photons b. Infrared rays c. Ionizing radiation d. UV rays Which of the following is provided by linear accelerator: a. Infrared rays b. Neutrons c. Electrons d. Protons Atomic weight is equal to the number of: a. Neutrons b. Protons and neutrons c. Electrons d. Protons Normal metacarpel index is: a. 10.4 b. 5.4 c. 5.4-7.9 d. 8.4-10.4 Tear drop sign is seen in: a. Posterior cranial fossa b. Maxillary sinus c. Zygoma fracture d. Blow-out fracture of orbit Which of the following is differential diagnosis for miliary shadow in chet X-ray: a. Tuberculosis b. Pulmonary siderosis c. Histoplasmosis d. All of the above Figure of 8 features are seen in which of the following: a. TOF b. Abnormal origin of aorta c. TAPVC d. Partial APVC Best conductor of electricity is: a. Diamond b. Coke c. Coal d. Graphite Which of the following is a characteristic radiological finding in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: a. Gas in the portal system b. Gas in the intestinal wall c. Pneumopritoneum d. Air fluid levels In the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma one of the following radionuclide scan is useful: a. MIBG scan b. MIDA scan c. DTPA scan d. DMSA scan Radiological investigation in female of reproductive age should be restricted to: a. First 10 days of menstrual cycle b. Period of menstruation c. 10-20th day of the cycle d. Last 10 days of the cycle Percentage of cold thyroid nodule likely to be malignant is: a. 72% b. 20% c. 40% d. 30% The test , which is both sensitive and specific for diagnosis of renal artery hypertension is: a. Captopril-enhanced radionucleotide renal scan b. Angiography c. CT d. MRI Stereotactic radiosurgery is a form of: a. Radiotherapy b. Radio-iodine therapy c. Robotic surgery d. Cryosurgery Which one of the following radioisotope is commonly used as a source for external beam radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer patients? a. Strontium-89 b. Radium-226 c. Cobalt-59 d. Cobalt-60 Bracket calcification of skull in X-ray is seen in: a. Meningioma b. Sturge-Weber syndrome c. Corpus callosum lipoma d. Tuberous sclerosis A male patient presents with abdominal pain and distention. On barium enema examination, there is a birds beak deformity. Which of the following is the likely diagnosis? a. Intussusception b. Volvulus of the sigmoid colon c. Enteric perforation d. Crohns disease Thickness of lead apron to prevent radiation is: a. 0.5 mm b. 7 mm c. 3 mm d. 1 mm A young patient presents with history of dysphasia more to liquids than solids. The first investigation you will do is: a. Barium swallow b. Esophagoscopy c. Ultrasound of the chest d. CT scan of the chest Fraying and cupping of metaphyses of long bones in an child does not occur in: a. Rickets b. Lead poisoning c. Metaphyseal dysplasia d. Hypophosphatasia High resolution computed tomography of the chest is the ideal modality for evaluating: a. Pleural effusion b. Interstitial lung disease c. Lung mass d. Mediastinal adenopathy Extensive pleural thickening and calcification especially involving the diaphragmatic pleura are classical features of: a. Coal workers pneumoconiosis b. Asbestosis c. Silicosis d. siderosis Modality of choice for detection of acute subarachnoid hemorrhage is: a. MRI b. X-ray computed tomography c. USG d. Plain X-ray of skull A 40 year old man presented with acute episode of GI bleeding. Initial management was given for 6 hours. Which is important procedure for diagnosis is: a. Radiolabeled RBC b. Barium meal c. Endoscopy d. USG A patient has ARF but normal USG report. Next most useful investigation is: a. DTPA scan b. IV pyelography c. Retrograde pyelography d. Renal angiography Which of the following isotopes is used to assess renal function? a. DTPA b. DMSA c. Gallium d. Thallium Impaired renal function is assessed by: a. MAGS b. Iodihippurate c. DMSA scan d. DTPA A patient has renal call carcinoma with thrombus in IVC and renal vein. Best investigation for diagnosis is: a. IVP b. Color Doppler imaging c. CT scan d. Angiography A young girl presented with pain in chest. Pain is not associated with exercise. On auscultation there was multiple non-ejection clicks with murmur. Most important investigation for diagnosis is: a. ECG b. Tc pyrophosphate scan c. Thallium scan d. EEG A 50 year old man who is a chronic smoker presents with single lymph node enlargement and hoarseness of voice. Next investigation should be: a. FNAC b. IDL with chest X-ray c. Percutaneous biopsy d. Advise him to stop smoking In aortic dissection the investigation of choice is: a. Digital segmental angiography b. MRI c. CT scan d. USG At birth first paranasal sinus to develop is: a. Sphenoid b. Frontal c. Maxillary d. Ethmoidal An8 year old boy presents with back pain and mild fever. His plain X-ray of the dorsolumbar vertebra with preserved disc spaces. There was no associated soft tissue shadow. The most likely diagnosis is: a. Ewings sarcoma b. Tuberculosis c. HIstocytosis d. Metastasis Which one of the following is a recognized X-ray feature of rheumatoid arthritis? a. Juxta-articular osteosclerosis b. Sacroilitis c. Bone erosions d. Peri-articular calcification All of the following are X-ray features of rheumatoid arthritis except: a. Soft tissue swelling b. Osteoporosis c. Periosteal new bone formation d. Bony erosions Which of the following is the best choice to radiological evaluation of a posterior fossa tumor? a. CT scan b. MRI c. Angiography d. Myelography Treatment of carcinoma thyroid using radioactive iodine is: a. I ¹Ã‚ ³Ã‚ ¹ b. I ¹Ã‚ ²? c. I ¹Ã‚ ³Ã‚ ³ d. I ¹ Most suitable radioisotope of iodine for treating hyperthyroidism is: a. I ¹Ã‚ ²Ã‚ ³ b. I ¹Ã‚ ²? c. I ¹Ã‚ ³Ã‚ ¹ d. I ¹Ã‚ ³Ã‚ ² Radioiodine is not used in the treatment of which of the following: a. Anaplastic carcinoma b. Follicular carcinoma c. Medullary carcinoma d. Papillary carcinoma Non-caseating granulomas are seen in all the following except: a. Tuberculosis b. Byssinosis c. Hodgkins lymphoma d. Metastatic carcinoma of lung Pleural involvement in sarcoidosis is: a. Unilateral b. Bilateral c. Very common d. Very rare X-rays are produced when: a. Electron beam strikes the nucleus of the atom b.Electron beam strikes the anode c. Electron beam reacts with the electromagnetic field d. Electron beam strikes the cathode For the treatment of deep-seated tumors, the following rays are used: a. X-rays and gamma rays b. Alpha rays and beta rays c. Electrons and prositrons d. High power laser beam Ionization radiation act on tissue depending upon: a. Thermal injury b. Formation at pyrimidine dimmers c. Excitation of electron from orbit d. Linear acceleration energy Principle used in radiotherapy is: a. Low dose causes tissue necrosis b. DNA damage c. Ionizing the molecule d. Cytoplasmic coagulation The maximum penetration among the following is seen with which ray: a. Alpha b. Beta c. Gamma d. Electron beam Which of the following has the maximum penetrating power? a. Alpha rays b. Beta rays c. Gamma rays d. Electron beam Characteristic finding in CT-scan of a TBM case is: a. Exudates seen in basal cistem b. Hydrocephalus is commonly seen c. Ventriculitis d. Calcification of cerebellum What is the diagnostic radiological finding in skeleton fluorosis? a. Sclerosis of sacroiliac joint b. Interosseous membrane ossification c. Osteosclerosis of vertebral body d. Ossification of ligaments of knee joint On CT-scan, all are seen as hypodense area except: a. Cerebral hemorrhage b. Glioblastoma c. Cerebral edema d. Cerebral infract Pneumoperitoneum can be used to visualize peritoneal/retroperitoneal structures. The gas that is best for use in pneumoperitoneum is? a. Oxygen b. Nitrogen c. CO? d. N?O Investigation of choice to demonstrate vesicoureteral reflex is: a. Cystoscopy b. IVP c. Contrast MCU d. Isotope cystogram Radiation therapy is given to a carcinoma patient. After 2 days the most common skin manifestation is: a. Dermatitis b. Hyperpigmentation c. Atopy d. Erythema Earliest skin change noticed after irradiation is: a. Erythema b. Hyperpigmentation c. Ulceration d. Dryness Most common presentation of radiation carditis is: a. Pyogenic pericarditis b. Myocardial fibrosis c. Atheromatous plaques d. Pericardial effusion Best diagnostic test for deep vein thrombosis is: a. MRI b. Venography c. Impendence phlebography d. Duplex USG X-ray chest with reticular pattern, air bronchogram sign is seen in: a. Septicemia b. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia c. Pulmonary hypertension d. Respiratory distress syndrome Intracavitary radiation is given in: a. Oral cavity carcinoma b. Esophageal carcinoma c. Lung carcinoma d. Cervix carcinoma On X-ray all the following renal calculi can be seen except: a. Calcium oxalate b. Triple phosphate c. Uric acid d. Cystine stones In bone-scan, hot spots are seen in all the following except: a. Osteoblastic metastasis b. Multiple myeloma c. Osteomyelitis d. Bony lesions of hyperthyroidism In a patient with solitary nodule of thyroid, investigation of choice is: a. FNAC b. USG c. CT d. Radioisotope scan Which of the following is the most radiosensitive phase of cell cycle? a. G? b. S c. G? d. M MRI rooms are shielded completely by a continuous sheet or wire mesh of copper or aluminium to shield the image from external electromagnetic radiations, etc., it is called: a. Maxwell cage b. Faraday cage c. Edisons cage d. Ohms cage A 45 year old coal mine worker presents with: a. Sjogrens syndrome b. Caplans syndrome c. Silicosis d. Wegeneers granulomatosis A patient is suspected to have vestibular schwannoma, the investigation of choice for its diagnosis is: a. Contrast enhanced CT scan b. PET Scan c. SPECT d. Gadolinium enhanced MRI In which of the folowing, a Coer-en-Sabot shape of the heart is seen? a. Tricuspid atresia b. Tetralogy of fallot c. Transposition of great arteries d. VSD In scurvy all of the following radiological signs are seen except: a. Zone of demarcation near epicnysis b. Soap bubble appearance c. Frenkels line d. Pelican spur A 50 year old smoker male presents with pain along the left arm and ptosis: a. Adenocarcinoma lung b. Bronchial carcinoid c. Pancoasts tumor d. Bronchoalveolar carcinoma Sunray appearance on X-ray is suggestive of: a. A chondrosarcoma b. A metastatic tumor in the bone c. An osteogenic sarcoma d. An Ewings sarcoma The investigation of choice for imaging of urinary tract tuberculosis is: a. Plain X-ray b. IV urography c. USG d. CT Which of the following technique uses piezoelectric crystals? a. USG b. NMR imaging c. X-ray diffraction d. Xeroradiography In which of the following conditions the lead pipe appearance of the colon on a barium enema is seen? a. Amebiasis b. Ulcerative colitis c. Tuberculosis of colon d. Crohns involvement of the colon The EEG cabins should be completely shielded by a continuous sheet of wire mesh of copper to avoid the picking up of noise from external electromagnetic disturbances. Such a shielding is called as: a. Maxwell cage b. Faraday cage c. Edisons cage d. Ohms cage The technique employed in radiotherapy to counteract the effect of tumor motion due to breathing is known as: a. Arc technique b. Modulation c. Gating d. Shunting Gamma camera in Nuclear medicine is used for: a. Organ imaging b. Measuring the radioactivity c. Monitoring the surface contamination d. RIA In which one of the following conditions, the sialography is contraindicated: a. Ductal calculus b. Chronic parotitis c. Acute parotitis d. Recurrent sialadenitis Which of the following ultrasound marker is associated with greatest increased risk for trisomy 21 in fetus? a. Echogenic foci in heat b. Hyperechogenic bowel c. Choroid plexus cysts d. Nuchal edema In CT, the attenuation values are measured in Hounsfield units (HU). An attenuation value of 0(zero) HU corresponds to: a. Water b. Air c. Very dense bone structures d. Fat The most sensitive imaging modality for diagnosing ureteric stones in a patient with acute colic is: a. X-ray KUB region b. Ultrasonogram c. Non contrast CT scan of the abdomen d. Contrast enhanced CT scan of the abdomen Which of the following is the investigation of choice for assessment of depth of penetration and perirectal nodes in rectal cancer? a. Transrectal USG b. CT scan of pelvis c. MRI d. Double contrast barium enema